Relationship between Bat Swing Speed and Rate of Force Development (RFD) in Bench Press among College Baseball Players

A baseball bat swing is an explosive action completed within approximately 150–200 ms. Given this extremely short execution time, it is reasonable to assume that athletes with a higher Rate of Force Development (RFD) may be capable of producing faster swings. Despite this assumption, limited research has examined the relationship between bat swing speed and RFD, and few studies have specifically investigated how RFD measured during bench press movements relates to bat swing speed.

This study investigated the association between bat swing speed during tee batting and Maximum RFD obtained from bench press movements in 50 male collegiate baseball players (age: 20.1 ± 1.0 years; height: 173.2 ± 4.5 cm; body mass: 74.1 ± 7.4 kg).

Bat swing speed showed significant positive correlations with Maximum RFD under absolute load conditions of 20, 30, and 50 kg. When estimated one-repetition maximum (1RM) was controlled for using partial correlation analysis, a significant relationship remained only at the 20 kg load. In addition, the strongest association with bat swing speed (r = 0.50) was identified at relative load levels corresponding to 20–29% of estimated 1RM. Players who recorded bat swing speeds of at least 100 km/h produced greater Maximum RFD values than their counterparts with slower swings, particularly under loads between 20 and 60 kg.

Maximum RFD measured under relatively light loading conditions showed a close association with bat swing speed. Players with faster swings generally displayed a greater capacity for explosive force production, particularly within light to moderate load ranges.

Resistance training has traditionally focused on maximum strength (1RM). However, evaluating and improving Maximum RFD is equally important when developing training programs for sports that demand rapid and explosive actions.